Value of ocular trauma score and ocular structural parameters in the assessment of healing visual acuity from ocular trauma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the value of ocular trauma score(OTS), initial visual acuity, and ocular structural parameters in the assessment of healing visual acuity from ocular trauma.METHOD: A total of 302 cases(302 eyes)of ocular trauma were selected as subjects, which were accepted and issued clear appraisal opinions by the Academy of Forensic Science from June 2015 to June 2021. The subjects were grouped according to the healing best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)from ocular trauma. Group Ⅰ included 63 cases(63 eyes)with BCVA <3.7; Group Ⅱ included 70 cases(70 eyes)with 3.7≤ BCVA <4.5; Group Ⅲ included 78 cases(78 eyes)with 4.5≤ BCVA <4.9; Group Ⅳ included 91 cases(91 eyes)with BCVA≥4.9. In addition, 77 cases(77 healthy eyes)of ocular trauma were selected as the control group, namely Group Ⅴ. The healing BCVA and ocular structural parameters from ocular trauma and theirs correlation were analyzed, and the random forest(RF)and support vector machine(SVM)model of healing visual acuity was established by the IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0.RESULTS: The initial visual acuity, OTS, the grading of corneas, lenses, and fundus, and the thickness of the retinal never fiber layer of ocular trauma patients were correlated with the healing BCVA(P<0.01). There were significant differences in ocular structural parameters among groups, except the central subfield thickness(P<0.001). The SVM model had higher accuracy of predicting healing visual acuity than the RF model, and the accuracy rate was over 80% when the error was within 0.15.CONCLUSION:OTS and ocular structural examination can provide effective information for the clinical forensic medicine appraisal of visual dysfunction after ocular trauma, and they are valuable in discriminating camouflage of visual dysfunction.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with primary dilated cardiomyopathy / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the genetic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of children with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 44 children who were diagnosed with DCM in Hebei Children's Hospital from July 2018 to February 2023. According to the genetic testing results, they were divided into two groups: gene mutation-positive group (n=17) and gene mutation-negative group (n=27). The two groups were compared in terms of clinical data at initial diagnosis and follow-up data.@*RESULTS@#Among the 44 children with DCM, there were 21 boys (48%) and 23 girls (52%). Respiratory symptoms including cough and shortness of breath were the most common symptom at initial diagnosis (34%, 15/44). The detection rate of gene mutations was 39% (17/44). There were no significant differences between the two groups in clinical characteristics, proportion of children with cardiac function grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ, brain natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening at initial diagnosis (P>0.05). The median follow-up time was 23 months, and 9 children (20%) died, including 8 children from the gene mutation-positive group, among whom 3 had TTN gene mutation, 2 had LMNA gene mutation, 2 had TAZ gene mutation, and 1 had ATAD3A gene mutation. The gene mutation-positive group had a significantly higher mortality rate than the gene mutation-negative group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There is no correlation between the severity of DCM at initial diagnosis and gene mutations in children. However, children with gene mutations may have a poorer prognosis.

Correlation between miR-21, miR-191 and Clinical Stage of Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the relationship between microRNA (miR)-21, miR-191 and clinical stage of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).@*METHODS@#100 patients with DLBCL treated in Shanxi Fenyang Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected as the research subjects. All patients was divided into stage I, stage II, stage III and stage IV according to Ann-Arbor (Cotswolds) staging system at admission. The baseline data of patients at different clinical stages were counted and compared in detail. The relationship between the levels of miR-21 and miR-191 and the clinical stage of DLBCL patients was mainly analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 100 patients with DLBCL, there were 15 patients at stage I, 25 patients at stage II, 37 patients at stage III and 23 patients at stage IV. The levels of miR-21 and miR-191 in patients at stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were increased gradually, which showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). According to Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis, it was found that the levels of miR-21 and miR-191 were positively correlated with the clinical stage of DLBCL patients (r=0.566, 0.636). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the overexpression of serum miR-21 and miR-191 was a risk factor for high clinical stage in patients with DLBCL (OR>1, P<0.05). Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between miR-21 and miR-191 levels in patients with DLBCL (r=0.339).@*CONCLUSION@#The overexpression of miR-21 and miR-191 in patients with DLBCL is related to high clinical stage.

Effects of miR-144-3p on Proliferation, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis of K562 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of miR-144-3p on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of blast phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) K562 cells.@*METHODS@#K562 cells were cultured in vitro and mimics negative control, hsa-miR-144-3p mimics, inhibitor negative control and miR-144-3p inhibitor were respectively transfected into K562 cells with transfection reagents. The cells were divided into five groups including blank control, mimics negative control, miR-144-3p mimics, inhibitor negative control and miR-144-3p inhibitor. After transfection, the cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank control and mimics negative control groups, the proliferation rate of miR-144-3p mimics group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the proportion of S phase cells was markedly increased (P<0.05), while the proportion of G1 phase cells was obviously decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control and inhibitor negative control groups, the proliferation rate of miR-144-3p inhibitor group was obviously increased (P<0.05), the proportion of S phase cells was markedly decreased (P<0.05), while the proportion of G1 phase cells was obviously increased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#miR-144-3p can inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of K562 cells, affect the cell cycle, and block K562 cells in S phase, which indicates that miR-144-3p is involved in the cell cycle activity of CML during blastic phase.

Research Progress of Age Estimation in the Living by Knee Joint MRI / 法医学杂志

Bone development shows certain regularity with age. The regularity can be used to infer age and serve many fields such as justice, medicine, archaeology, etc. As a non-invasive evaluation method of the epiphyseal development stage, MRI is widely used in living age estimation. In recent years, the rapid development of machine learning has significantly improved the effectiveness and reliability of living age estimation, which is one of the main development directions of current research. This paper summarizes the analysis methods of age estimation by knee joint MRI, introduces the current research trends, and future application trend.

Pelvic Injury Discriminative Model Based on Data Mining Algorithm / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To reduce the dimension of characteristic information extracted from pelvic CT images by using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) methods. To establish a support vector machine (SVM) classification and identification model to identify if there is pelvic injury by the reduced dimension data and evaluate the feasibility of its application.@*METHODS@#Eighty percent of 146 normal and injured pelvic CT images were randomly selected as training set for model fitting, and the remaining 20% was used as testing set to verify the accuracy of the test, respectively. Through CT image input, preprocessing, feature extraction, feature information dimension reduction, feature selection, parameter selection, model establishment and model comparison, a discriminative model of pelvic injury was established.@*RESULTS@#The PLS dimension reduction method was better than the PCA method and the SVM model was better than the naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) model. The accuracy of the modeling set, leave-one-out cross validation and testing set of the SVM classification model based on 12 PLS factors was 100%, 100% and 93.33%, respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the evaluation of pelvic injury, the pelvic injury data mining model based on CT images reaches high accuracy, which lays a foundation for automatic and rapid identification of pelvic injuries.

Huayu Pill () Promotes Fluorescent Doxorubicin Delivery to Tumors in Mouse Model of Lung Cancer / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect and mechanism of Huayu Wan (, HYW) in combination of chemotherapy of tumor treatment.@*METHODS@#HYW serum was added in Lewis cells to assess its impact on fluorescent doxorubicin delivery in vitro. Then, Lewis tumor cells was implanted in C57BL/6 mice via xenograft transplantation. Tumor growth was measured and signal intensity corresponding to blood flow was assessed by laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). Finally, the effect of HYW on the effificacy of doxorubicin was studied.@*RESULTS@#HYW can improve the transfer of fluorescent doxorubicin into cells. The blood flow signal in the tumor tissues of the HYW group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, HYW improved drug delivery of doxorubicin to tumor tissues, and this activity was associated with HYW-induced microvascular proliferation (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HYW can promote microangiogenesis and increase blood supply in tumor tissues, which in turn may increase the risk of metastasis. At the same time, HYW increases drug delivery and improves the effificacy of chemotherapy drugs through vascular proliferation. Therefore, rational judgment must be exercised when considering applying HYW to an antitumor regimen.

Spatial distribution of canine echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and changing trend of canine echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of canine echinococcosis in high-risk areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods All data pertaining to Echinococcus infections in canine feces and sampling survey of human echinococcosis were collected from the echinococcosis-endemic foci of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, and the prevalence of Echinococcus infections was investigated in dogs and humans. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics and clusters of canine echinococcoses were identified. Results A total of 164 139 canine fecal samples were detected in the echinococcosis-endemic foci of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, and there were 2 136 fecal samples positive for Echinococcus coproantigens. The positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigens were 0.54% to 1.73% in dogs from 2012 to 2018, with a tendency towards a decline seen in the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in dogs (χ2 = 108.83, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs among years (χ2 = 155.27, P < 0.01). Three-dimensional trend analysis showed that canine echinococcosis was mainly concentrated in east of central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and a high prevalence was detected in New Barag Right Banner and Sonid Right Banner. The global spatial distribution of canine echinococcosis appeared a random pattern in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018 (Moran’s I > 0, P > 0.05), and there were “high-high” and “high-low” clusters of canine echinococcosis in local areas. The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 0.08%, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence among regions (χ2 = 147.61, P < 0.01), with a high prevalence seen in West Ujimqin Banner, Jarud Banner and New Barag Right Banner. In addition, the prevalence of human echinococcosis correlated positively with the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in dogs (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of Echinococcus infections shows an overall tendency towards a decline in dogs in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, with a high prevalence found in New Barag Right Banner and Sonid Right Banner. Human echinococcosis is concentrated in clusters of canine echinococcosis, where health education and targeted control interventions requires to be intensified.

Effect of Modified Shengjiangsan on Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in MN Rats via Regulating HIF-1α/NOX4 Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of modified Shengjiangsan on hypoxia-inducible factor-1<italic>α </italic>（HIF-1<italic>α</italic>）/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 （NOX4） signaling pathway in membranous nephropathy （MN） rats and to explore its mechanism to reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tissues. Method:Cationized bovine serum albumin （C-BSA） was injected into the tail vein of rats to replicate the MN model. Rats were randomly divided into a model group， a modified Shengjiangsan group， and a benazepril group after modeling， and administered by gavage once a day accordingly. At the end of the 4^th week， the 24-h urine total protein （UTP）， urea nitrogen （BUN）， and serum creatinine （SCr） levels of each group were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and reactive oxygen species （ROS） in renal tissues of rats. In situ end labeling（TUNEL） staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1<italic>α</italic> and NOX4 were detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）and Western blot， respectively. The immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphomas -2 （Bcl-2）， B-cell lymphomas xl （Bcl-xl）， Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax）， Bcl-2 cell death regulator antibody （Bim）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased UTP （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， decreased SOD， elevated MDA and ROS （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， up-regulated mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1<italic>α</italic> and NOX4 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， enhanced protein expression of Bax and Bim， declining protein expression of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and increased cell apoptosis in renal tissues. Compared with the model group， the modified Shengjiangsan group and the benazepril group displayed declining UTP （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， up-regulated SOD， decreased MDA and ROS （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1<italic>α</italic> and NOX4 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， diminished protein expression of Bax and Bim， elevated protein expression of Bcl-xl and Bcl-2 （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and reduced cell apoptosis in renal tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:The protective effect of modified Shengjiangsan on the kidney is presumedly achieved by reducing the oxidative stress and apoptosis in renal tissues of MN rats via inhibiting the HIF-1<italic>α</italic>/NOX4 signaling pathway.

Bone Metabolism Biochemical Markers for Spinal Cord Injury: A Retrospective Study of 135 Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the relationship between bone metabolism biochemical markers and clinic features in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From July, 2018 to December, 2019, totally 135 patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled. They were assessed with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS). β-collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (β-CTX), total N-terminal propeptide of type I precollagen (TP1NP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum calcium and serum phosphorus were measured. The level of TP1NP, β-CTX, 25(OH)D and PTH among clinical characteristics (gender, age, disease course, AIS grade and so on) were analyzed. Results:The levels of β-CTX and 25(OH)D were lower in women than in men (|t| > 2.044, P < 0.01). There was difference in the level of 25(OH)D among different ages (F = 3.156, P < 0.05). The levels of β-CTX and TP1NP increased in the first four months after spinal cord injury, and decreased then; while the level of PTH decreased in the first four months, and increased then (P < 0.001). The level of β-CTX was lower in patients of AIS D than in patients of AIS A and C (t >2.679, P < 0.05). The level of TP1NP was higher in paraplegics than in quadriplegics (Z = -2.035, P < 0.05). The level of β-CTX was higher in patients with fractures or surgeries involving bone than in patients without fractures or surgeries involving bone (t = 2.169, P < 0.05). There was no difference in all the bone metabolism markers between patients with and without lower extremity motor function (t < 0.839, Z < 1.822, P > 0.05). The ratio of 25(OH)D deficience was 85.19%. Conclusion:Bone conversion was active in the first four months after spinal cord injury, and decreased gradually then, which may be related to fractures of spine or surgeries involving spine after injury. The effect of spinal cord injury on bone metabolism markers is not clear. Most of patients with spinal cord injury were lack of vitamin D.

Factors Related to Autonomic Dysreflexia during Intermittent Catheterization in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the occurrence and related factors of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during intermittent catheterization in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods:Case control study was used in this study. Intermittent catheterization was performed on 44 SCI patients hospitalized from April, 2019 to April, 2020, The data of age, gender, time after injury, segment of injury, degree of injury, resting blood pressure, immediate blood pressure after catheterization, catheterization numbers, catheterization volume and duration of catheterization were collected. Descriptive analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the occurrence and related factors of AD. Results:Totally, AD happened in 26 (59.1%) patients. Urethral catheterization was done 1738 times, out of which AD accounted for 187 times (10.8%). The risk of AD increased with the time after injury and age (P < 0.05). The probability of AD was lower in T7 SCI and below than in T6 SCI and above (P = 0.002). Catheterization numbers, gender, degree of injury, catheterization volume and duration of catheterization were not influencing factors of AD (P > 0.05). Conclusion:It is necessary to have a full understanding for the occurrence of AD in patients with SCI during intermittent catheterization. For patients with SCI in T6 and above, long time after injury and elderly patients, routine monitoring of blood pressure during intermittent catheterization is recommended to detect and deal with AD in time.

Clinical Manifestations and MRI Features of Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury after Back Bend / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the clinical manifestations and MRI features of pediatric spinal cord injury (SCI) after back bend. Methods:A retrospective study was performed. All the medical records and MRI images of children with SCI after back bend were identified in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital from January 1st, 2002 to August 31st, 2020. Results:A total of 120 SCI children after back bend were reviewed, out of whom 119 cases were girls, one case was boy. The age ranged from 38 to 162 months, with the median age of 76 months. More cases were discovered in July and September every year (32 cases, 26.7%), as well as in weekends (67 cases, 55.8%). The main clinical manifestations were sensory and motor dysfunction of both lower limbs (120 cases, 100%), bladder and bowl incontinence (120 cases, 100%). The common first symptoms included sudden attack of lumbar pain (39 cases, 32.5%), lower limbs paralysis (30cases, 25.0%) and leg pain (10 cases, 8.3%). The peak time of symptoms ranged from five minutes to two days, with the median time of 50 minutes. The MRI features of 104 children with SCI within one week after back bend were as follows: the abnormal signals of MRI in spinal cord involved lower cervical and all the following segments of spinal cord. The number of the segments of spinal cord with abnormal signals ranged from two to 15, with the median of seven segments. The most common segments with abnormal signals were T9 (96 cases, 92.3%), T10 (96 cases, 92.3%) and T11 (90 cases, 86.5%). Among the cases followed up, 48 cases with complete injury demonstrated a vast and serous spinal cord atrophy (SCA) below the injury segments as early as 37 days after the injury, the SCA would become worse at the chronic stage and maybe involve the spinal cord above the injury segments. In 31 cases with incomplete injury, the abnormal signals of MRI in spinal cord were limited in the lumbar enlargement, with a various degree of SCA at the late stage. All the cases were diagnosed as SCI without radiologic abnormality, out of whom 89 (74.2%) cases suffered from thoracic complete SCI, 31 (25.8%) cases suffered thoracic or lumbar incomplete SCI. The common complications included scoliosis, hip joint dysplasia, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, osteoporosis, pathological fracture of lower limbs and valgus knee. Conclusion:The main clinical symptoms of pediatric SCI after back bend were sudden lumbar pain, sensory and motor dysfunction of both lower limbs, and bladder and bowl incontinence. Most of the cases were thoracic complete SCI, the MRI features at the early stage were multiple segments of abnormal signals of spinal cord around T9 and T10, and later an extensive severe SCA below the injury segments to the conus medullaris, accompanied by the SCA above the injury segments.

Survey of Neurological Function and Complications of Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the outcome of neurological function and the clinical characteristics of complications in children with spinal cord injury. Methods:From 2011 to 2019, children under 15 years old with spinal cord injury were selected in our hospital. Their level of injury and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) at one month, three months and one year were recorded. And the complications such as pressure ulcers/scald, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, constipation, osteoporosis/fracture, deep vein thrombosis, neurodynia, heterotopic ossification, scoliosis and hip dysplasia were analyzed. Results:Of 159 individuals, 41 were boys and 118 were girls, the average age at injury was (6.08±2.57) years. The main cause of spinal cord injury was sports accidents (47.8%), and the main injury sites were thoracic spinal cord injury (89.3%). The cause of spinal cord injury was correlated with age at injury (r = -0.160, P = 0.044), gender (r = -0.458, P < 0.001) and injury sites (r = -0.249, P = 0.002). Complete spinal cord injury counted for 71.7%, and the AIS grade at one month was correlated with that at twelve months (r = 0.984, P < 0.001). The main complications were urinary tract infection (69.2%), constipation (67.9%), hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux (37.7%), scoliosis (25.8%) and hip dysplasia (25.2%). The incidence of ulcers/scald was correlated with injury site (r = 0.179, P = 0.024). The AIS grade three months after injury was significantly correlated with urinary tract infection, constipation, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (|r| > 0.227, P < 0.01). The incidence of ulcers/scald was correlated with osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.208, P < 0.01). The incidence of urinary tract infection was significantly correlated with hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, constipation, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.261, P < 0.001), as well as osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.195, P < 0.05). The incidence of hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux was significantly correlated with constipation, osteoporosis/fracture, scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.146, P < 0.01). The incidence of constipation was significantly correlated with scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.313, P < 0.01), as well as osteoporosis/fracture (r = 0.160, P < 0.05). The incidence of osteoporosis/fracture was significantly correlated with scoliosis and hip dysplasia (r > 0.342, P < 0.01). The incidence of scoliosis was significantly correlated with hip dysplasia (r = 0.818, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury in children is closely correlated to AIS. The outcome of complete spinal cord injury is poor. The common complications after spinal cord injury in children demonstrate specific age characteristics, and the incidence of urinary tract infection, constipation, hydronephrosis/vesicoureteral reflux, scoliosis and hip dysplasia are common complications, which need more attention.

Clinical Characteristics of Old Patients with Spinal Cord Injury / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of old patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2019, totally 386 old (≥ 60 years) patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled. Their gender, age, etiology, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) and complications were analyzed. Results:In the old patients with spinal cord injury, traumatic spinal cord injury was more common in males (71.17%) and non-traumatic spinal cord injury was more common in females (56.19%). Fall on level surface was the most important cause of spinal cord injury both in old men (28.83%) and women (24.76%). Tumor (19.05%) was the most common non-traumatic cause of spinal cord injury in old female patients. Cervical segment (78.46%) was the most common site of injury in old traumatic spinal cord injury, while thoracic segment (52.14%) was the most common site of injury in non-traumatic spinal cord injury. Grade D (38.08%) was the most common AIS grade, followed by grades C (28.76%), A (21.50%), and B (11.66%). Spinal canal stenosis (23.31%) played an important role in the etiology of old spinal cord injury. Neuralgia, venous thrombosis of lower extremities and urinary tract infection were the most common complications in old patients with spinal cord injury. Conclusion:Fall on level surface is the leading cause of spinal cord injury in old patients, and the proportion of fall in the etiology of old spinal cord injury tends to increase with age. It is important to take effective measures to avoid falling in the old adults to prevent spinal cord injury.

Discussion on Particle Size of Powders and Decocted Powders in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Powders and decocted powders account for about 1/3 in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas （the First Batch）， and have a very important position. Determination of preparation technology and particle size in the pulverization process is the key step in the research and development of powders and decocted powders following the original methods. However， there are many terms describing the preparation technology and particle size of powders and decocted powders in ancient Chinese medical books， and the parameters are not clear. Due to the lack of unified basis of particle size， the existing research results have not formed a uniform consensus. Based on ancient textual researches and experimental results， this article discusses the particle size of decocted powders and powders. Method:Through textual researches of the preparation technology and particle size of powders and decocted powders and powder classification in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the specifications of pulverized particle size were suggested. In addition， Xiebaisan and Danggui Buxuetang were taken as examples to investigate the influence of different particle sizes （4， 10， 24 mesh） on the preparation process of decocted powders and the obtained decoction. Result:The particle size of 4 mesh was equivalent to that of ancient as big as hemp bean. The contents of index components in Xiebaisan and Danggui Buxuetang with particle size of 4 mesh were higher than that of 10 mesh and 24 mesh， but the particle size of 50 mesh was too fine to be filtered. Conclusion:The suggested particle sizes of powders and decocted powders are recommended as Cumo is the power through 10-mesh sieve， Mo is the power through 24-mesh sieve， Ximo is the power through 80-mesh sieve， as big as hemp bean is the power through 4-mesh sieve and not through 10-mesh sieve.

Epidemic situation of human echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: a sampling survey from 2012 to 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the development of the precision control strategy of human echinococcosis in the region. Methods A sampling survey of human echinococcosis was conducted in 28 banners (counties, districts) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2017, and the epidemiological characteristics were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 90 058 residents were examined for echinococcosis in 28 banners (counties, districts) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2017, and 71 patients were detected with echinococcosis, with a detection rate of 0.08%. No echinococcosis cases were identified in 8 banners (counties), and there were 6 banners (counties) with echinococcosis prevalence of 0.1% to 1%, and 14 with prevalence of 0 to 0.1%. The echinococcosis prevalence was significantly greater in women (0.11%) than in men (0.05%) (χ2 = 10.09, P = 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected in patients at ages of over 50 years (38 cases, 53.52%). In addition, the highest echinococcosis prevalence was detected in herdsmen (0.14%), or in primary school children (0.13%). Conclusions Human echinococcosis is widely, but lowly prevalent in Inner Mongolia Region, with a diverse density of infections. Echinococcosis has remarkable characteristics of regional and population clusters in Inner Mongolia Region, and the management of echinococcosis requires to be reinforced in key regions and populations.

Analysis on Quality Evaluation Methods of Asparagi Radix Decoction Pieces and Its Standard Decoction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To establish the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction. Method:Ten batches of Asparagi Radix standard decoction were prepared. High performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection method (HPLC-ELSD) was established for the determination of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction, and the fingerprint detection of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase for gradient elution. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to identify ten main common peaks in the fingerprint with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase for gradient elution, electrospray ionization (ESI) and positive and negative ion mode scanning were employed, the detection range was m/z 100-1 400. Result:The total content of protodioscin and protoneodioscin in Asparagi Radix decoction pieces was 0.41%-0.72%, and their total content in Asparagi Radix standard decoction was 0.33%-0.59%, the transfer rate of these two components was 73.6%-98.3%. The dry extract yield of the standard decoction was 59.0%-73.0%, and its pH was 4.9-5.6. There were 10 common peaks in the fingerprint, and all of them were saponins, including protoneodioscin, protodioscin, aspacochioside A and its isomer, methyl protodioscin, asparagoside F, (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-5, 20-diene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-furostan-20 (22)-ene-3β, 26-diol-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranoside, pseudodiosgenin, aspacochioside C. Conclusion:In this paper, the quality evaluation methods of Asparagi Radix decoction pieces and its standard decoction are established, and these methods are stable and feasible, which can provide reference for the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing Asparagi Radix.

Cut-off value of white blood cell count in the diagnosis of early-onset sepsis in neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical significance and cut-off value of white blood cell (WBC) count in the diagnosis of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonates.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 306 neonates with EOS who were admitted from January 2019 to March 2020. A total of 580 children without infection who were admitted during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. General status and WBC count were compared between the two groups. The diagnostic value of WBC count was analyzed based on the diagnostic and therapeutic protocol of neonatal sepsis in 2003 (referred to as the 2003 diagnostic and therapeutic protocol) and the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis (2019 edition) (referred to as the 2019 expert consensus).@*RESULTS@#According to the two different diagnosis and treatment protocols, the statistical analysis showed that WBC count had a relatively positive rate (51.3% and 32.0% respectively) but a relatively high specificity (93.3% and 98.6% respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of WBC count in the 2003 diagnostic and therapeutic protocol was larger than that in the 2019 expert consensus (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The cut-off value of WBC ≥25×10

Spatial distribution characteristics of reported echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution patterns and changing tendency of reported echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018, so as to provide the evidence for the management of echinococcosis in high-risk areas. Methods All data pertaining to echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were captured from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System from 2013 to 2018 and analyzed using a spatial epidemiological method. Results The incidence of reported echinococcosis was 0.22 to 0.41 per 100 000 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018, and the number of banner reporting echinococcosis patients increased from 24 in 2013 to 39 in 2018. The highly prevalent areas of echinococcosis were mainly concentrated in West Ujimqin Banner (the highest incidence, 19.23 per 100 000), East Ujimqin Banner (the highest incidence, 12.93 per 100 000) and New Barag Right Banner (the highest incidence, 11.66 per 100 000). Three-dimensional trend analysis showed that the areas with high incidence of reported echinococcosis were mainly located in central by eastern parts of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There was a positive spatial autocorrelation in the number of echinococcosis patients, and the cases appeared a clustering distribution (Moran’s I > 0, P < 0.05), with “high-high” and “low-high” regions. Conclusion The reported echinococcosis patients show a spatial aggregation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the hotspot areas are mainly concentrated in Xilingol League and Chifeng City, in which targeted control interventions for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are recommended to be intensified.

New advances in the discovery of anti-enterovirus-71 agents / 药学学报

In recent years, enterovirus infection has become a frequent epidemic and developed into an important public health problem. For example, hand-foot-mouth disease has become a common infection among children in China. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) has been spreading globally since 1997, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main pathogens causing HFMD. And now there is no drug available to treat EV71 infection. This review summarizes the research progress of anti-enterovirus-71 drugs from the perspective of medicinal chemistry.